Second-Temple Judaism according to Tom Wright

One of the main criticisms I’ve heard of Wright (and others who fall into the category of “the new perspective”) is that THE basis for their theology of justification is predicated upon a belief that all Second-Temple Jews thought the same way. Here is what Wright says about this:

Judaism was richly varied, right across the period from the last two or three centuries BC to the second century AD, so much so that many have understandably wanted to speak of “Judaisms,” plural. There are many different theologies, many different expressions, many different ways of standing within, or on the edge of, or in tension with, the great ancestral traditions of Israel. There is a rich panolopy of ways of understanding Israel’s law and trying to obey it. Not only is it too simple to say, as some versions of the new perspective have said, that all first-century Jews believed in grace; they meant many different things by “grace,” and responded to those meanings in a rich variety of ways. (Justification)